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1.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220206, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520721

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Pesquisar duas variáveis independentes consideradas como possíveis preditores de risco cumulativo para a gagueira persistente (GP): percepção familiar da gagueira e quantidade de rupturas da fala. Método Participaram 452 crianças, com idade entre 3 a 11:11 anos, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em 4 grupos: grupo 1 (GGQ), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 2 (GGS), 42 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≥3% e sem queixa familiar de gagueira; grupo 3 (FQ), 94 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9% com queixa familiar de gagueira e grupo 4 (FS), 158 crianças com percentual de rupturas gagas ≤2.9 sem queixa familiar de gagueira. Resultados Para o grupo GGQ há relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala típicas da gagueira e houve predominância de crianças do sexo masculino. Para o grupo GGS não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FQ não houve relação significante entre a queixa familiar de gagueira e quantidade de rupturas de fala. Para o grupo FS houve relação significante entre a ausência de queixa familiar de gagueira e a reduzida quantidade de rupturas de fala. Conclusão O percentual de rupturas ≥3% é um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de rupturas do tipo repetições pode ser um indicador de risco para a GP. A queixa familiar de gagueira, isoladamente, não deve ser considerada como indicador de GP.


ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate two independent variables considered as two possible predictors of cumulative risk for persistent stuttering: family perception of stuttering and amount of speech disruptions. Methods Participants were 452 children, aged 3 to 11:11 years, male and female, divided into 4 groups: group 1 (SCG), composed of 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and family complaint of stuttering; group 2 (SWCG), 42 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≥ 3% and without family complaint of stuttering; group 3 (FCG), 94 children who presented percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2. 9% with family complaints of stuttering and group 4 (FWCG), 158 children who presented a percentage of stuttered speech disruptions ≤ 2.9 without family complaints of stuttering. Results For the SCG group, there was a significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions typical of stuttering. In this group, there was a predominance of male children. For the SWCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FCG group, there was no significant relationship between family complaints of stuttering and the number of speech disruptions. For the FWCG group, there was a significant relation between the absence of a family complaint of stuttering and the reduced number of speech disruptions. Conclusion The percentage of speech disruptions ≥ 3% is a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. The percentage of speech disruptions ≤ 2.9% associated with syllable and sound repetitions can be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of syllable and sound repetitions may be a risk indicator for persistent stuttering. Family complaints of stuttering alone should not be considered an indicator of persistent stuttering.

2.
CoDAS ; 35(5): e20220145, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506052

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the clinical and feeding findings of premature infants with gastroschisis (GTQ) in a neonatal intensive care unit and compare them to preterm infants (NBs) without congenital anomalies. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 50 premature NBs (25 with GTQ and 25 without comorbidities - control group). The NBs were compared regarding demographic and clinical data: risk of mortality and speech-language assessment (nonnutritive and nutritive sucking). Subsequently, a multiple logistic regression model was applied to determine the variables associated with the negative speech therapy outcome (speech therapy discharge after more than 7 days considering the first speech therapy evaluation). Results The results of the first analysis indicated that there was a difference between the GTQ and the CG for the following variables: total time in days of hospitalization; use of mechanical ventilation (invasive x noninvasive); days of life on the date of the first speech-language assessment; use of alternative feeding route; and the GTQ group had worse results. The results of the multiple logistic regression indicated that the diagnosis of GTQ, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the absence of adequate intraoral pressure during the first speech-language evaluation were risk factors for a negative speech-language outcome. Conclusion The feeding skills of preterm infants with QTG are related to the severity of the condition (gastrointestinal tract complications), requiring longer hospitalization, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, prolonged use of alternative feeding route and requiring more speech therapy to start oral feeding.


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever os achados clínicos e de alimentação de prematuros com gastrosquise (GTQ) em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal comparando-os a recém-nascidos (RNs) prematuros sem anomalias congênitas. Método Foi realizado estudo caso controle de caráter retrospectivo com 50 RNs prematuros (25 com GTQ e 25 sem comorbidades - grupo controle). Os RNs foram comparados quanto aos dados demográficos clínicos: risco de mortalidade e de avaliação fonoaudiológica (sucção não nutritiva e nutritiva). Posteriormente foi aplicado o modelo de regressão logística múltipla a fim de determinar as variáveis associadas ao desfecho fonoaudiológico negativo (alta fonoaudiológica após mais de 7 dias considerando a primeira avaliação fonoaudiológica). Resultados Os resultados da primeira análise indicaram que houve diferença entre o GTQ e o GC para as seguintes variáveis: tempo total em dias de internação; uso de ventilação mecânica (invasiva x não invasiva); dias de vida na data da primeira avaliação fonoaudiológica; uso de via alternativa de alimentação, sendo que o grupo GTQ apresentou piores resultados. Os resultados da regressão logística múltipla indicaram que o diagnóstico de GTQ, uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva e ausência de pressão intraoral adequada durante a primeira avaliação fonoaudiológica foram fatores de risco para o desfecho fonoaudiológico negativo. Conclusão As habilidades de alimentação dos prematuros com GTQ está relacionada à gravidade do quadro (complicações do trato gastro digestivo), exigindo maior tempo de internação, uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva, uso prolongado de via alternativa de alimentação e necessidade de mais atendimento fonoaudiológico para iniciar a alimentação por via oral.

3.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 26: e2457, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355712

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Testar a variável da hereditariedade familiar para a gagueira crônica do desenvolvimento (GCD) como preditora de efeito direto no desfecho da fluência da fala em crianças. Métodos Participaram do estudo 200 crianças, de 2 a 12 anos, de ambos os gêneros, sem distinção de raça e nível sócio-econômico-cultural, que apresentaram queixa de GCD, sem outras intercorrências de linguagem e/ou audição, no período de cinco anos. Os 200 participantes deste estudo foram divididos em três grupos (baixo risco para GCD, médio risco para GCD e alto risco para GCD) conforme os indicadores de risco aferidos pelo Protocolo de risco para a gagueira do desenvolvimento. Para determinação da variável de controle (hereditariedade positiva para a gagueira) foi considerado afetado o participante que apresentava familiar de primeiro grau (pai, mãe, irmãos) que se auto identificava como pessoa com gagueira. Todos os participantes foram avaliados segundo o Protocolo de risco para a gagueira do desenvolvimento e pela Avaliação do Perfil da Fluência de Fala. Resultados Os grupos de baixo, médio e alto risco para GCD com hereditariedade positiva não se diferenciaram estatisticamente dos grupos de baixo, médio e alto risco para GCD com hereditariedade negativa para nenhuma das variáveis demográficas e resultado da análise do Perfil de Fluência da Fala. Conclusão A variável hereditariedade não indicou o grau de risco na manifestação da fala nem identificou, decisivamente, as crianças em risco de persistência para a GCD.


ABSTRACT Purpose To test if the variable family heredity for chronic developmental stuttering (CDS) is a direct predictor of the speech fluency outcome in children. Methods Participants of the study were 200 children, between 2 and 12 years of age, of both genders, with no racial and socioeconomic distinction, diagnosed with a complaint of CDS, and with no language and/or hearing comorbidity, over a period of 5 years. Participants were divided in three study groups (low risk for CDS, moderate risk for CDS, and high risk for CDS) according to the risk indicators determined by the Risk Protocol for Developmental Stuttering. In order to determine the control variable (positive heredity for stuttering), we considered the participant as being affected if he/she presented a first-degree family member (father, mother, siblings) who self-declared themselves as a person who stuttered. All of the participants were assessed according to Risk Protocol for Developmental Stuttering and to The Speech Fluency Profile Assessment. Results No significant difference was observed for the demographic variables and for the results on The Fluency Profile Assessment among the groups with mild, moderate and high risk of stuttering when comparing the groups with positive and negative family heredity. Conclusion The variable family heredity did not indicate the risk level for the manifestation of stuttering and also did not identify those at risk of presenting CDS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Stuttering/etiology , Stuttering/genetics , Risk Factors , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
5.
CoDAS ; 29(2): e20160136, 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840114

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a performance de fala do indivíduo com gagueira e do indivíduo fluente em tarefa de fala espontânea, tarefa de fala automática e a tarefa de canto. Método Participaram deste estudo 34 adultos, 17 com gagueira e 17 fluentes, pareados por gênero e idade. O estudo comparou o desempenho dos participantes em três tarefas de fala: monólogo, fala automática e canto. Foi analisado o número total de rupturas comuns e gagas. Resultados A tarefa de monólogo foi a única que apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas, tanto nas comparações intragrupos quanto nas comparações intergrupos. Conclusão O estudo mostrou que tarefas de maior complexidade motora e melódica, como a tarefa de monólogo, prejudica a fluência da fala, tanto em indivíduos com gagueira quanto em indivíduos fluentes.


ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the speech performance of fluent speakers and individuals who stutter during spontaneous speech, automatic speech, and singing. Methods The study sample was composed of 34 adults, 17 individuals who stutter and 17 fluent controls, matched for gender and age. The speech performance of participants was compared by means of three tasks: monologue, automatic speech, and singing. The following aspects were assessed: total number of common disruptions and total number of stuttering-like disruptions. Results Statistically significant difference was observed only for the monologue task in both intra- and inter-group comparisons. Conclusion The outcomes of this study indicate that tasks of higher motor and melodic complexities, such as the monologue task, negatively affect the speech fluency of both fluent speakers and individuals who stutter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/physiopathology , Speech Production Measurement , Singing , Middle Aged
6.
Clinics ; 71(3): 152-155, Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778993

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we compared the performance of both fluent speakers and people who stutter in three different speaking situations: monologue speech, oral reading and choral reading. This study follows the assumption that the neuromotor control of speech can be influenced by external auditory stimuli in both speakers who stutter and speakers who do not stutter. METHOD: Seventeen adults who stutter and seventeen adults who do not stutter were assessed in three speaking tasks: monologue, oral reading (solo reading aloud) and choral reading (reading in unison with the evaluator). Speech fluency and rate were measured for each task. RESULTS: The participants who stuttered had a lower frequency of stuttering during choral reading than during monologue and oral reading. CONCLUSIONS: According to the dual premotor system model, choral speech enhanced fluency by providing external cues for the timing of each syllable compensating for deficient internal cues.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Feedback, Sensory/physiology , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/physiopathology , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Reading , Speech Production Measurement , Stuttering/classification
7.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 21: e1646, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-950597

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a performance motora oral complexa em crianças com gagueira persistente do desenvolvimento e em crianças fluentes, a partir do cálculo da velocidade de produção da diadococinesia sequencial (DDK/SMR) e análise da tipologia de desvio da consoante alvo. Métodos Participaram do estudo 46 crianças com idades entre 4 anos e 11 anos e 11 meses, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo Pesquisa (GI), composto por 23 crianças com diagnóstico de gagueira; Grupo Controle (GII), composto por 23 crianças fluentes, pareadas por gênero e idade aos participantes do GI. Para cada participante, foram coletadas e gravadas três amostras de DDK/SMR em janelas de 15 segundos cada, sendo analisadas, posteriormente, a velocidade de produção articulatória, o número e os tipos de erros apresentados nas amostras. Resultados Os grupos não se diferenciaram em nenhuma das variáveis testadas, ou seja, apresentaram desempenhos semelhantes quanto à velocidade de produção articulatória, quanto ao número de erros e quanto aos tipos de erros (o desvio da consoante alvo mais frequente foi a inversão, para ambos os grupos). Conclusão As crianças com gagueira do desenvolvimento e as crianças fluentes apresentaram desempenho semelhante nas variáveis testadas, sugerindo que a prova de diadococinesia sequencial não foi eficiente para auxiliar na identificação precoce da gagueira em crianças.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the oral motor performance of stuttering and fluent children based on the production rate of sequential diadochokinesis (DDK) and on the type of errors. Methods Participants were 46 children, aged between 4 years and 11 years and 11 months, divided into two groups: Research Group (GI), composed of 23 children with persistent developmental stuttering; Control Group (GII), composed of 23 fluent children, paired by age and gender to participants of GI. For each participant, three samples of sequential DDK were recorded in 15-second windows. These samples were later analyzed considering articulatory rate, and number and type of consonant errors per sample. Results The groups did not present significant differences when considering the analyzed variables. Both fluent and stuttering children presented similar performances for articulatory rate and consonant errors (i.e., the most frequent type of error was consonant exchange). Conclusion Children with developmental stuttering and their fluent peers presented similar performances in all of the tested variables, suggesting that sequential DDK was not enough to identify the stuttering group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech Acoustics , Speech Disorders , Speech Production Measurement , Stuttering/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 20(1): 1-9, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-745770

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Investigar variações nas habilidades motoras da fala em adultos com e sem gagueira, utilizando o dispositivo de alteração do feedback auditivo SpeechEasy®. Métodos Participaram 20 adultos, dez com gagueira (nove do gênero masculino e um do feminino – média 30,9 anos) e dez controles fluentes (nove do gênero masculino e um do feminino – média 25,2 anos). O estudo comparou o desempenho dos participantes em quatro tarefas: fala espontânea, diadococinesia alternada, diadococinesia sequencial e emissão de frase alvo, com e sem o dispositivo. Os aspectos analisados acusticamente foram: (1) tarefas de diadococinesia: duração das sílabas, período médio entre as sílabas, pico de intensidade e taxa de diadococinesia; (2) tarefa de emissão da frase alvo: tempo de reação, duração do voice onset time, duração total da emissão, frequência fundamental e intensidade. Resultados Tanto na comparação intragrupos quanto intergrupos, apenas a tarefa de fala espontânea apresentou diferenças significativas. Nesta tarefa, o uso do SpeechEasy® resultou em melhora significativa da fluência de fala, medida pela porcentagem de sílabas gaguejadas, para o grupo com gagueira. Para o grupo fluente, o dispositivo produziu o efeito oposto (aumento significativo na frequência de rupturas gagas com o dispositivo). Os resultados encontrados quanto aos aspectos acústicos das tarefas de diadococinesia e emissão da frase alvo não indicaram diferença significativa nas comparações intragrupos e intergrupos. Conclusão Os resultados indicaram que o uso do SpeechEasy® melhorou a fluência dos participantes com gagueira, sem parecer interferir na naturalidade de fala. .


Purpose To investigate variations in speech motor skills in adults who stutter and those who do not, using the SpeechEasy® altered auditory feedback device. Methods Twenty adults participated, 10 of whom stuttered (nine males and one female - mean age 30.9 years) and 10 of whom were fluent controls (nine males and one female - mean age 25.2 years). The study compared the performance of participants in four tasks: spontaneous speech, alternating diadochokinesis, sequential diadochokinesis and target phrase production, with and without the device. The following variables were analyzed acoustically: (1) diadochokinesis tasks: syllable duration, mean duration between syllables, peak intensity and diadochokinesis rate; (2) target phrase production task: reaction time, voice onset time (VOT) duration, total production duration, fundamental frequency and intensity. Results The spontaneous speech task was the only task to show significant differences in both the intragroup and intergroup comparisons. In this task, the use of SpeechEasy® resulted in significant improvement in speech fluency, as measured by the percentage of stuttered syllables, for the group who stuttered. For the fluent group, the device produced the opposite effect: a significant increase in the frequency of stuttered disfluencies was observed with the device. No significant differences were found in either intragroup or intergroup comparisons relating to the acoustic aspects of the diadochokinesis and target phrase production tasks. Conclusion The results indicated that the use of SpeechEasy® improved the fluency of participants who stutter, without appearing to interfere with speech naturalness. .


Purpose To investigate variations in speech motor skills in adults who stutter and those who do not, using the SpeechEasy® altered auditory feedback device. Methods 1 2 Results The spontaneous speech task was the only task to show significant differences in both the intragroup and intergroup comparisons. In this task, the use of SpeechEasy® resulted in significant improvement in speech fluency, as measured by the percentage of stuttered syllables, for the group who stuttered. For the fluent group, the device produced the opposite effect: a significant increase in the frequency of stuttered disfluencies was observed with the device. No significant differences were found in either intragroup or intergroup comparisons relating to the acoustic aspects of the diadochokinesis and target phrase production tasks. Conclusion The results indicated that the use of SpeechEasy® improved the fluency of participants who stutter, without appearing to interfere with speech naturalness. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Speech Acoustics , Speech Production Measurement , Speech Recognition Software , Stuttering/therapy , Feedback, Sensory , Speech Discrimination Tests , Speech Perception
9.
CoDAS ; 26(5): 415-420, 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727065

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the opinion about stuttering treatments in people who stutter, based on their answers to two open questions. Methods: The participants were 40 adults of both genders, with self-reported stuttering. During the first phase of the research, we contacted two Brazilian nongovernmental organizations: the Brazilian Stuttering Association (ABRAGAGUEIRA) and the Brazilian Fluency Institute (IBF). These associations agreed to participate and were responsible for sending the research questions to their members via electronic mail. The first contact with the participants elucidated the purpose and method of our research and, after obtaining informed consent from participants, the two questions were sent. The research questions involved their opinion about cure, treatments to which the participants had been submitted, and their outcome. Results: After analysis, the answers obtained indicated that people who stutter believe in a cure for stuttering; that the ideal therapy would be the one that led to the disappearance of the symptoms; and the most frequently reported professional to treat the disorder is the speech-language pathologist. The results also indicated that although most of the participants had undergone speech-language treatment for stuttering, neither significant improvements were observed nor satisfaction was positive. Conclusion: The results indicate that the answers presented by the participants were not based on scientific knowledge about the disorder but on their wish that "something could happen" to make stuttering "disappear." Although in this study we did not investigate the type of treatment to which the patients were submitted, the results suggest that the factors that contribute to an effective treatment are contentious.


Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião das pessoas que gaguejam sobre os tratamentos da gagueira, a partir de resposta a duas questões abertas. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 40 adultos, autoavaliados como gagos, sem distinção de gênero. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, foram feitos contatos com duas Organizações Não Governamentais brasileiras de apoio às pessoas com gagueira: Associação Brasileira de Gagueira (ABRAGAGUEIRA) e Instituto Brasileiro de Fluência (IBF), que se dispuseram a participar do estudo divulgando a proposta para seus membros via correio eletrônico. O primeiro contato com os participantes esclareceu o objetivo e método da pesquisa e, após obtenção da concordância na participação da mesma, foi enviada nova correspondência contendo duas questões a serem respondidas, que envolviam opiniões sobre cura, tratamentos realizados e seus resultados. Resultados: As respostas obtidas indicaram que pessoas que gaguejam acreditam na cura da gagueira; a terapia ideal seria a que levasse ao desaparecimento do sintoma e que o tratamento mais indicado é o fonoaudiológico. Os resultados indicaram ainda que, para a maioria dos participantes, embora já tenham realizado tratamento fonoaudiológico, não foi observada melhora significativa do quadro e nem satisfação positiva com o tratamento realizado. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que os participantes, ao emitirem suas respostas, não se basearam no conhecimento científico do distúrbio e sim no desejo de que "algo possa acontecer" e a gagueira venha a "desaparecer". Embora a pesquisa não tenha focado no tipo de terapia realizada, os resultados indicaram que a determinação dos componentes que contribuem para um tratamento eficaz para gagueira são controversos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Self Concept , Stuttering/therapy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Speech Therapy , Treatment Outcome
10.
Clinics ; 67(5): 409-414, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626333

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to acoustically compare the performance of children who do and do not stutter on diadochokinesis tasks in terms of syllable duration, syllable periods, and peak intensity. METHODS: In this case-control study, acoustical analyses were performed on 26 children who stutter and 20 agedmatched normally fluent children (both groups stratified into preschoolers and school-aged children) during a diadochokinesis task: the repetition of articulatory segments through a task testing the ability to alternate movements. Speech fluency was assessed using the Fluency Profile and the Stuttering Severity Instrument. RESULTS: The children who stutter and those who do not did not significantly differ in terms of the acoustic patterns they produced in the diadochokinesis tasks. Significant differences were demonstrated between age groups independent of speech fluency. Overall, the preschoolers performed poorer. These results indicate that the observed differences are related to speech-motor age development and not to stuttering itself. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic studies demonstrate that speech segment durations are most variable, both within and between subjects, during childhood and then gradually decrease to adult levels by the age of eleven to thirteen years. One possible explanation for the results of the present study is that children who stutter presented higher coefficients of variation to exploit the motor equivalence to achieve accurate sound production (i.e., the absence of speech disruptions).


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Speech Production Measurement , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/physiopathology , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Psychomotor Performance , Speech Acoustics , Speech Perception/physiology
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